Case study research is the study of special and interesting cases. Researchers seek details of the interactions between the case being studied and various contexts to gain an understanding of the activities and complexities of different cases under specific conditions. A case study must have a clear and complete scope, including time, location, content, and context.
The benefit of case study research is that it provides a deep understanding of the specific issue, and has a clear scope. The study will examine both quantitatively and qualitatively, using both approaches together. The study may focus on individuals, events, organizations, or cultural groups. Case study research is divided into four types There are various research methods, and the choice of method depends more on the suitability to the specific research problem.
- Historical Organizational: It is a case study by studying a particular organization continuously, or by tracking the development of the organization etc.
- Observational: It is a study that uses participatory observation, which is a fundamental method for collecting data in studying something specific such as a study about a school, a specific classroom, or a particular grade level.
- Life History: It is a narrative or descriptive study of an individual, focusing on their background or personal history.
- Situation Analysis: The study focuses on a specific event, using diverse perspectives.
- Multi cases: It is a study characterized by differences, diversity, and independence among its components.
- Multi sits: It is a study that utilizes a wide range of sources, or involves collaborative research from multiple parties with the goal of improvement.
The objective of case study research
- To Develop Concept Model: It is a type of research that focuses on exploration and investigation for detailed description.
- To describe and Analyze a Situation, Event, and Process: It is suitable for studying individuals with characteristics that deviate from the normsuch as a person who skills in dealing with foreigners often apply them to controversial issues.
- To Criticize Social and Cultural Believes and Practices: Theoretical studysuch as Studies on women’s rights, differences among religious groups, ethnicity, social class, and etc.
- To evaluate the Program: It is an evaluation of the context of events, focusing on assessing the outcomes that occur, and focusing on the success of various activities and projects by utilizing evaluation theories.
- To identify Policy Issues: Using case study methodology such as analysis of the economic structure and community policies, among others, and etc.
- To Contribute to Large – Scale Research Projects: Research helps study processes and relationships between sub-issues, focusing on empirical data.
- To Serve as a Precursor to Quantitative Research: It is a method that leads to quantitative research, using experimental methods alongside.
Procedures for conducting case study research
- Select the sample group.
- Defining the sample group.
- Determining the sample size.
- The phase of data collection and strategic analysis.
- Data collection is conducted through five steps:
- Phase 1: Planning
- Phase 2: Initiating data collection
- Phase 3: Collecting baseline data
- Phase 4: Summarizing data collection
- Phase 5: Revising and improving for completeness
- Data collection and analysis.
- Data classification.
- Data analysis.
There are three types of case study research
- Descriptive study.
- Exploratory Study.
- Explanatory Study.
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