Historical research is a type of research that focuses on seeking facts about various things, including events that have occurred in the past. It employs scientific methods to assist in data collection and fact verification. As well as drawing reasonable conclusions and using the research findings to explain causes and effects. Therefore, it is a type of research that requires time and meticulousness in data collection, and only a professional historical research team can ensure that the work is of high quality and credibility.
Types of historical research are divided into three categories
- Case study research focuses on a specific subject, which may involve an individual or an institution.
- Developmental study examines the differences in a particular event over a certain period, which may involve studying the entire event or only parts of it.
- Change study is similar to the second type but involves comparing the nature of changes in past events or stories with those in the present
Objectives of historical research
- To study the origin or foundation of the subject being investigated
- To study the reality and changes of past events or their transformations over time
- To study the current state of events that have originated from past occurrences, which can be used to improve existing conditions
- To study past events or the relationships between past events, which can be used to predict future occurrences.
- To study and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of events both in the past and the present.
Sources of data in historical research
- Primary sources are data obtained directly by the researcher from original evidence such as oral accounts, records, various documents, laws, announcements, regulations, statistics, certificates, and archaeological artifacts.
- Secondary sources are data obtained from reports, or data conveyed through reports made by individuals who were not directly involved.
Characteristics of historical research
- It attempts to explain past events for the purpose of explaining current events and predicting future occurrences.
- It often does not use statistics to analyze data; instead, it employs critical analysis to interpret the data and draw conclusions.
- It emphasizes data based on various pieces of evidence from the past.
- It primarily uses documents and libraries as the main sources for data collection.
- Researchers cannot create situations to test the research outcomes.
- Researchers do not participate in the situations but only analyze events that have already occurred.
Steps in historical research
- Select a research topic to help define the scope of the study by considering whether the research topic is appropriate, where the information can be obtained from, and whether it is useful for the study.
- Set the research objectives by formulating hypotheses to help determine the research design.
- Data collection may involve primary or secondary sources.
- Organize the collected data into categories to facilitate analysis.
- Evaluate the data by assessing both external and internal validity.
- Write the research report, there are various ways to write a research report, such as presenting it chronologically or following a thematic framework or content outline.
- This step requires great caution to evaluation of data validity in historical research because these are events that have already occurred in the past, it often requires data from reports by those who witnessed the events or from eyewitnesses in order to obtain the truth.
Benefits of historical research
- It helps us understand the nature of problems that occurred in the past, enabling us to address similar situations when they arise again.
- It can be used to correct mistakes made in the present.
- It serves as a guideline for improving and adapting things to suit current conditions.
- It serves as a foundation for current practices and as a basis for those who continue further research.
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